Módulo:Date

Nota: Éste módulo es una traducción de Plantilla:URL lo que significa que cualquier módulo que dependa de Plantilla:URL se puede utilizar con éste módulo sin ningún problema (siempre que el módulo en cuestión se adapte para entender fechas en español si fuese necesario). Es por eso que a pesar de que las fechas que devuelve al utilizar :text() son en español todos los nombres de los métodos internos y los parámetros se han mantenido en el idioma original.

---

Este módulo provee funciones relacionadas con el manejo de fechas para que puedan usarse en otros módulos. El módulo soporta fechas en el Calendario Gregoriano y en el calendario Juliano, desde el 9999 a. C. al 9999 d. C.. Los calendarios son prolépticos, es decir, se aplican incluso antes de su creación sin irregularidades.

Una fecha , con su hora opcional, se puede especificar en varios formatos diferentes y se puede formatear para su impresión usando otra variedad de formatos, por ejemplo '1 de abril de 2016' o el 'abril 1, 2016'. Las propiedades de la fecha incluyen su Fecha juliana y los días desde el 1 A.D. así como el día de la semana y el día del año.

También es posible comparar fechas (por ejemplo, fecha1 <= fecha2), y se les pueden aplicar operadores como la suma o la resta (por ejemplo, fecha + '3 meses' o fecha1 - fecha2). Estas operaciones funcionan con fechas de los calendarios Juliano y Gregoriano pero será nil si intentas operar con dos fechas de diferentes calendarios.

El módulo provee los siguientes objetos.

Export	Descripción
_current	Tabla con el año, mes, día, hora, minuto y segundo actuales.
_Date	Función que devuelve una tabla para una fecha concreta.
_days_in_month	Función que retorna el número de días en un mes.

En Módulo:Date/ejemplos se encuentran los ejemplos de uso del módulo y en Módulo discusión:Date/ejemplos está el resultado de su ejecución. Plantilla:Contenido

Formato de la salida

Es posible formatear la representación textual de la fecha.

local Date = require('Módulo:Date')._Date
local text = Date(2016, 7, 1):text()          -- devolvería '1 de julio de 2016'
local text = Date(2016, 7, 1):text('%-d de %B')  -- devolvería '1 de julio'
local text = Date('1 de julio de 2016'):text('mdy')  -- devolvería 'julio 1, 2016'

Los siguientes son los códigos de formato simplificados disponibles.

Código	Resultado
hm	horas:minutos, utilizando "am" o "pm" o una variante especificada (14:30 o 2:30 pm o lo especificado)
hms	horas:minutos:segundos (14:30:45)
ymd	año-mes-día (2016-07-01)
mdy	mes día, año (julio 1, 2016)
dmy	día de mes de año (1 de julio de 2016)

También están disponibles los siguientes códigos están disponibles (similar a los utilizados por strftime).

Código	Resultado
%a	Abreviación del día: Lu, Ma, ...
%A	Nombre del día: lunes, martes, ...
%u	Día de la semana: de 1 a 7 (Lunes a Domingo)
%w	Día de la semana: de 0 a 6 (Domingo a Sábado)
%d	Día del mes relleno con ceros: 01 a 31
%b	Abreviación del mes: ene a dic
%B	Nombre del mes: enero a diciembre
%m	Mes relleno con ceros: 01 a 12
%Y	Año relleno con ceros: 0012, 0120, 1200
%H	Hora (reloj de 24 horas) rellena con ceros: 00 a 23
%I	Hora (reloj de 12 horas) rellena con ceros: 01 a 12
%p	AM o PM como con las opciones
%M	Minutos rellenos con ceros: 00 a 59
%S	Segundos rellenos con ceros: 00 a 59
%j	Día del año relleno con ceros: 001 a 366
%-d	Día del mes: 1 a 31
%-m	Mes: 1 a 12
%-Y	Año: 12, 120, 1200
%-H	Hora: 0 a 23
%-M	Minutos: 0 a 59
%-S	Segundos: 0 a 59
%-j	Día del año: 1 a 366
%-I	Hora: 1 a 12
%%	%

Además también se puede utilizar %{property} (donde property es una de las propiedades de la fecha).

Por ejemplo, una fecha como Date('1 de febrero de 2015 14:30:45 d. C.') tiene las siguientes propiedades.

Código	Resultado
%{calendar}	Gregorian
%{year}	2015
%{month}	2
%{day}	1
%{hour}	14
%{minute}	30
%{second}	45
%{dayabbr}	do
%{dayname}	Domingo
%{dayofweek}	0
%{dow}	0 (igual que 'dayofweek')
%{dayofweekiso}	7
%{dowiso}	7 (igual que 'dayofweekiso')
%{dayofyear}	32
%{era}	d. C.
%{gsd}	735630 (números de días desde 1 de enero de 1 d. C.; el primero es el 1)
%{juliandate}	2457055.1046875 (Fecha juliana)
%{jd}	2457055.1046875 (igual que 'juliandate')
%{isleapyear}	false
%{monthdays}	28
%{monthabbr}	feb
%{monthname}	febrero

También hay disponibles algunos atajos. Dada fecha = Date('1 feb 2015 14:30'), obtendremos los siguientes resultados.

Código	Descripción	Resultado del ejemplo	Formato equivalente
fecha:text('%c')	fecha y hora	2:30 pm 1 de febrero de 2015	%-I:%M %p %-d %B %-Y %{era}
fecha:text('%C')	fecha y hora	1 de febrero de 2015, 14:30	%-d de %B de %-Y, %-H:%-M:%-S
fecha:text('%x')	fecha	1 de febrero de 2015	%-d %B %-Y %{era}
fecha:text('%X')	hora	2:30 pm	%-I:%M %p

Fecha Juliana

El siguiente código contiene un ejemplo de la conversión de una Fecha juliana y la posterior obtención de información sobre esa fecha.

-- Código                                               -- Resultado
Date = require('Módulo:Date')._Date
fecha = Date('juliandate', 320)
número = fecha.gsd                                       -- -1721105
número = fecha.jd                                        -- 320
texto = fecha.dayname                                    -- sábado
texto = fecha:text()                                     -- 9 de octubre de 4713 a. C.
texto = fecha:text('%Y-%m-%d')                           -- 4713-10-09
texto = fecha:text('%{era} %Y-%m-%d')                    -- a. C. 4713-10-09
texto = fecha:text('%Y-%m-%d %{era}')                    -- 4713-10-09 BC
texto = fecha:text('%Y-%m-%d %{era}', 'era=B.C.E.')      -- 4713-10-09 B.C.E.
texto = fecha:text('%Y-%m-%d', 'era=BCNEGATIVE')         -- -4712-10-09
texto = fecha:text('%Y-%m-%d', 'era=BCMINUS')            -- −4712-10-09 (utiliza el símbolo menos de Unicode U+2212)
texto = Date('juliandate',320):text('%{gsd} %{jd}')     -- -1721105 320
texto = Date('oct 9, 4713 B.C.E.'):text('%{gsd} %{jd}') -- -1721105 320
texto = Date(-4712,10,9):text('%{gsd} %{jd}')           -- -1721105 320

Diferencia de fechas

La diferencia entre dos fechas se puede determinar utilizando fecha1 - fecha2. El resultado es válido si las dos fechas utilizan el mismo calendario siendo 'nil' en otro caso. Es posible calcular una edad o una duración a partir de la diferencia entre dos fechas.

Por ejemplo:

-- Código                                    -- Resultado
Date = require('Módulo:Date')._Date
fecha1 = Date('21 mar 2015')
fecha2 = Date('4 dic 1999')
diff = fecha1 - fecha2
d = diff.age_days                            -- 5586
y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days -- 15, 3, 17 (15 años + 3 meses + 17 días)
y, m, d = diff:age('ymd')                    -- 15, 3, 17
y, m, w, d = diff:age('ymwd')                -- 15, 3, 2, 3 (15 años + 3 meses + 2 semanas + 3 días)
y, m, w, d = diff:duration('ymwd')           -- 15, 3, 2, 4
d = diff:duration('d')                       -- 5587 (duración en días incluyendo el último día)

Una diferencia de fechas mantiene las fechas originales pero están cambiadas de tal forma que diff.date1 >= diff.date2 (siendo siempre diff.date1 la más reciente). Esto se muestra a continuación.

fecha1 = Date('21 mar 2015')
fecha2 = Date('4 dic 1999')
diff = fecha1 - fecha2
neg = diff.isnegative                        -- false
text = diff.date1:text()                     -- 21 de marzo de 2015
text = diff.date2:text()                     -- 4 de diciembre de 1999
diff = fecha2 - fecha1
neg = diff.isnegative                        -- true (se han cambiado las fechas de orden)
text = diff.date1:text()                     -- 21 de marzo de 2015
text = diff.date2:text()                     -- 4 de diciembre de 1999

Una diferencia de fechas también guarda la diferencia de tiempo:

fecha1 = Date('8 mar 2016 0:30:45')
fecha2 = Date('19 ene 2014 22:55')
diff = fecha1 - fecha2
y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days      -- 2, 1, 17
H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds  -- 1, 35, 45

Una diferencia de fechas también se puede añadir o restar a una fecha.

fecha1 = Date('8 mar 2016 0:30:45')
fecha2 = Date('19 ene 2014 22:55')
diff = fecha1 - fecha2
fecha3 = fecha2 + diff
fecha4 = fecha1 - diff
texto = date3:text('ymd hms')        -- 2016-03-08 00:30:45
texto = date4:text('ymd hms')        -- 2014-01-19 22:55:00
igualdad = (fecha1 == fecha3)        -- true
igualdad = (fecha2 == fecha4)        -- true

Los métodos de edad 'age' y duración 'duration' aceptan un código que identifica los componentes a retornar. En el caso de la duración se incluye un día extra (el último).

Código	Valores retornados
'ymwd'	años, meses, semanas, días
'ymd'	años, meses, días
'ym'	años, meses
'y'	años
'm'	meses
'wd'	semanas, días
'w'	semanas
'd'	días

Compatibilidad

Este módulo implementa las funciones de Módulo:Fecha y Módulo:Fechas, los tests de ambos módulos se encuentran funcionando contra este en Módulo:Date/tests y el resultado de su ejecución en Módulo discusión:Date/tests.

---

-- Date functions for use by other modules.
-- I18N and time zones are not supported.

local MINUS = '−'  -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN
local floor = math.floor

local Date, DateDiff, diffmt  -- forward declarations
local uniq = { 'unique identifier' }

local function is_date(t)
	-- The system used to make a date read-only means there is no unique
	-- metatable that is conveniently accessible to check.
	return type(t) == 'table' and t._id == uniq
end

local function is_diff(t)
	return type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == diffmt
end

local function _list_join(list, sep)
	return table.concat(list, sep)
end

local function collection()
	-- Return a table to hold items.
	return {
		n = 0,
		add = function (self, item)
			self.n = self.n + 1
			self[self.n] = item
		end,
		join = _list_join,
	}
end

local function strip_to_nil(text)
	-- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty.
	-- Otherwise return text (convenient when Date fields are provided from
	-- another module which may pass a string, a number, or another type).
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$')
	end
	return text
end

local function is_leap_year(year, calname)
	-- Return true if year is a leap year.
	if calname == 'Julian' then
		return year % 4 == 0
	end
	return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 ~= 0) or year % 400 == 0
end

local function days_in_month(year, month, calname)
	-- Return number of days (1..31) in given month (1..12).
	if month == 2 and is_leap_year(year, calname) then
		return 29
	end
	return ({ 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 })[month]
end

local function h_m_s(time)
	-- Return hour, minute, second extracted from fraction of a day.
	time = floor(time * 24 * 3600 + 0.5)  -- number of seconds
	local second = time % 60
	time = floor(time / 60)
	return floor(time / 60), time % 60, second
end

local function hms(date)
	-- Return fraction of a day from date's time, where (0 <= fraction < 1)
	-- if the values are valid, but could be anything if outside range.
	return (date.hour + (date.minute + date.second / 60) / 60) / 24
end

local function julian_date(date)
	-- Return jd, jdz from a Julian or Gregorian calendar date where
	--   jd = Julian date and its fractional part is zero at noon
	--   jdz = same, but assume time is 00:00:00 if no time given
	-- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula
	-- Testing shows this works for all dates from year -9999 to 9999!
	-- JDN 0 is the 24-hour period starting at noon UTC on Monday
	--    1 January 4713 BC  = (-4712, 1, 1)   Julian calendar
	--   24 November 4714 BC = (-4713, 11, 24) Gregorian calendar
	local offset
	local a = floor((14 - date.month)/12)
	local y = date.year + 4800 - a
	if date.calendar == 'Julian' then
		offset = floor(y/4) - 32083
	else
		offset = floor(y/4) - floor(y/100) + floor(y/400) - 32045
	end
	local m = date.month + 12*a - 3
	local jd = date.day + floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 365*y + offset
	if date.hastime then
		jd = jd + hms(date) - 0.5
		return jd, jd
	end
	return jd, jd - 0.5
end

local function set_date_from_jd(date)
	-- Set the fields of table date from its Julian date field.
	-- Return true if date is valid.
	-- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula
	-- This handles the proleptic Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	-- Negative Julian dates are not defined but they work.
	local calname = date.calendar
	local low, high  -- min/max limits for date ranges −9999-01-01 to 9999-12-31
	if calname == 'Gregorian' then
		low, high = -1930999.5, 5373484.49999
	elseif calname == 'Julian' then
		low, high = -1931076.5, 5373557.49999
	else
		return
	end
	local jd = date.jd
	if not (type(jd) == 'number' and low <= jd and jd <= high) then
		return
	end
	local jdn = floor(jd)
	if date.hastime then
		local time = jd - jdn  -- 0 <= time < 1
		if time >= 0.5 then    -- if at or after midnight of next day
			jdn = jdn + 1
			time = time - 0.5
		else
			time = time + 0.5
		end
		date.hour, date.minute, date.second = h_m_s(time)
	else
		date.second = 0
		date.minute = 0
		date.hour = 0
	end
	local b, c
	if calname == 'Julian' then
		b = 0
		c = jdn + 32082
	else  -- Gregorian
		local a = jdn + 32044
		b = floor((4*a + 3)/146097)
		c = a - floor(146097*b/4)
	end
	local d = floor((4*c + 3)/1461)
	local e = c - floor(1461*d/4)
	local m = floor((5*e + 2)/153)
	date.day = e - floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 1
	date.month = m + 3 - 12*floor(m/10)
	date.year = 100*b + d - 4800 + floor(m/10)
	return true
end

local function fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, partial, hastime, calendar)
	-- Put the result of normalizing the given values in table numbers.
	-- The result will have valid m, d values if y is valid; caller checks y.
	-- The logic of PHP mktime is followed where m or d can be zero to mean
	-- the previous unit, and -1 is the one before that, etc.
	-- Positive values carry forward.
	local date
	if not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then
		date = Date(y, 1, 1)
		if not date then return end
		date = date + ((m - 1) .. 'm')
		y, m = date.year, date.month
	end
	local days_hms
	if not partial then
		if hastime and H and M and S then
			if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and
					0 <= M and M <= 59 and
					0 <= S and S <= 59) then
				days_hms = hms({ hour = H, minute = M, second = S })
			end
		end
		if days_hms or not (1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, calendar)) then
			date = date or Date(y, m, 1)
			if not date then return end
			date = date + (d - 1 + (days_hms or 0))
			y, m, d = date.year, date.month, date.day
			if days_hms then
				H, M, S = date.hour, date.minute, date.second
			end
		end
	end
	numbers.year = y
	numbers.month = m
	numbers.day = d
	if days_hms then
		-- Don't set H unless it was valid because a valid H will set hastime.
		numbers.hour = H
		numbers.minute = M
		numbers.second = S
	end
end

local function set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options)
	-- Set the fields of table date from numeric values.
	-- Return true if date is valid.
	if type(numbers) ~= 'table' then
		return
	end
	local y = numbers.year   or date.year
	local m = numbers.month  or date.month
	local d = numbers.day    or date.day
	local H = numbers.hour
	local M = numbers.minute or date.minute or 0
	local S = numbers.second or date.second or 0
	local need_fix
	if y and m and d then
		date.partial = nil
		if not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999 and
			1 <= m and m <= 12 and
			1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, date.calendar)) then
				if not date.want_fix then
					return
				end
				need_fix = true
		end
	elseif y and date.partial then
		if d or not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999) then
			return
		end
		if m and not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then
			if not date.want_fix then
				return
			end
			need_fix = true
		end
	else
		return
	end
	if date.partial then
		H = nil  -- ignore any time
		M = nil
		S = nil
	else
		if H then
			-- It is not possible to set M or S without also setting H.
			date.hastime = true
		else
			H = 0
		end
		if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and
				0 <= M and M <= 59 and
				0 <= S and S <= 59) then
			if date.want_fix then
				need_fix = true
			else
				return
			end
		end
	end
	date.want_fix = nil
	if need_fix then
		fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, date.partial, date.hastime, date.calendar)
		return set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options)
	end
	date.year = y    -- -9999 to 9999 ('n BC' → year = 1 - n)
	date.month = m   -- 1 to 12 (may be nil if partial)
	date.day = d     -- 1 to 31 (* = nil if partial)
	date.hour = H    -- 0 to 59 (*)
	date.minute = M  -- 0 to 59 (*)
	date.second = S  -- 0 to 59 (*)
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		for _, k in ipairs({ 'am', 'era', 'format' }) do
			if options[k] then
				date.options[k] = options[k]
			end
		end
	end
	return true
end

local function make_option_table(options1, options2)
	-- If options1 is a string, return a table with its settings, or
	-- if it is a table, use its settings.
	-- Missing options are set from table options2 or defaults.
	-- If a default is used, a flag is set so caller knows the value was not intentionally set.
	-- Valid option settings are:
	-- am: 'am', 'a.m.', 'AM', 'A.M.'
	--     'pm', 'p.m.', 'PM', 'P.M.' (each has same meaning as corresponding item above)
	-- era: 'BCMINUS', 'BCNEGATIVE', 'BC', 'B.C.', 'BCE', 'B.C.E.', 'AD', 'A.D.', 'CE', 'C.E.'
	-- Option am = 'am' does not mean the hour is AM; it means 'am' or 'pm' is used, depending on the hour,
	--    and am = 'pm' has the same meaning.
	-- Similarly, era = 'BC' means 'BC' is used if year <= 0.
	-- BCMINUS displays a MINUS if year < 0 and the display format does not include %{era}.
	-- BCNEGATIVE is similar but displays a hyphen.
	local result = { bydefault = {} }
	if type(options1) == 'table' then
		result.am = options1.am
		result.era = options1.era
	elseif type(options1) == 'string' then
		-- Example: 'am:AM era:BC' or 'am=AM era=BC'.
		for item in options1:gmatch('%S+') do
			local lhs, rhs = item:match('^(%w+)[:=](.+)$')
			if lhs then
				result[lhs] = rhs
			end
		end
	end
	options2 = type(options2) == 'table' and options2 or {}
	local defaults = { am = 'am', era = 'a. C.' }
	for k, v in pairs(defaults) do
		if not result[k] then
			if options2[k] then
				result[k] = options2[k]
			else
				result[k] = v
				result.bydefault[k] = true
			end
		end
	end
	return result
end

local ampm_options = {
	-- lhs = input text accepted as an am/pm option
	-- rhs = code used internally
	['am']   = 'am',
	['AM']   = 'AM',
	['a.m.'] = 'a.m.',
	['A.M.'] = 'A.M.',
	['pm']   = 'am',  -- same as am
	['PM']   = 'AM',
	['p.m.'] = 'a.m.',
	['P.M.'] = 'A.M.',
}

local era_text = {
	-- Text for displaying an era with a positive year (after adjusting
	-- by replacing year with 1 - year if date.year <= 0).
	-- options.era = { year<=0 , year>0 }
	['BCMINUS']    = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true, sign = MINUS },
	['BCNEGATIVE'] = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true, sign = '-'   },
	['BC']         = { 'BC'    , ''    , isbc = true },
	['B.C.']       = { 'B.C.'  , ''    , isbc = true },
	['BCE']        = { 'BCE'   , ''    , isbc = true },
	['B.C.E.']     = { 'B.C.E.', ''    , isbc = true },
	['AD']         = { 'BC'    , 'AD'   },
	['A.D.']       = { 'B.C.'  , 'A.D.' },
	['CE']         = { 'BCE'   , 'CE'   },
	['C.E.']       = { 'B.C.E.', 'C.E.' },
	--ABREVIATURAS EN ESPAÑOL--
	['a. C.']         = { 'a. C.'       , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de Cristo
	['a. de C.']      = { 'a. de C.'    , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de Cristo
	['a. de J. C.']   = { 'a. de J. C.' , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de Jesucristo
	['a. J. C.']      = { 'a. J. C.'    , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de Jesucristo
	['AEC']           = { 'AEC'         , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de la era común
	['a. e. c.']      = { 'a. e. c.'    , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de la era común
	['a. n. e.']      = { 'a. n. e.'    , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de nuestra era
	['a. e. v.']      = { 'a. e. v.'    , ''    , isbc = true },  --antes de la era vulgar
	['d. C.']         = { 'a. C.'       , 'd. C.' },              --después de Cristo
	['d. de C.']      = { 'a. de C.'    , 'd. de C.' },           --después de Cristo
	['d. de J. C.']   = { 'a. de J. C.' , 'd. de J. C.' },        --después de Jesucristo
	['d. J. C.']      = { 'a. J. C.'    , 'd. J. C.' },           --después de Jesucristo
	['EC']            = { 'AEC'         , 'EC' },                 --era común
	['e. c.']         = { 'a. e. c.'    , 'e. c.' },              --era común
	['n. e.']         = { 'a. n. e.'    , 'n. e.' },              --nuestra era
	['e. v.']         = { 'a. e. v.'    , 'e. v.' },              --era vulgar
	['A. D.']         = { 'a. C.'       , 'A. D.' },              --anno Domini
}

local function get_era_for_year(era, year)
	return (era_text[era] or era_text['a. C.'])[year > 0 and 2 or 1]:gsub(" ", "&nbsp;") or ''
end

local function strftime(date, format, options)
	-- Return date formatted as a string using codes similar to those
	-- in the C strftime library function.
	local sformat = string.format
	local shortcuts = {
		['%c'] = '%-I:%M %p %-d de %B de %-Y %{era}',  -- date and time: 2:30 pm 1 de abril de 2016
		['%C'] = '%-d de %B de %-Y, %H:%M:%S',	   -- date and time: 1 de abril de 2016, 14:30
		['%x'] = '%-d de %B de %-Y %{era}',            -- date:          1 de abril de 2016
		['%X'] = '%-I:%M %p',                          -- time:          2:30 pm
	}
	if shortcuts[format] then
		format = shortcuts[format]
	end
	local codes = {
		a = { field = 'dayabbr' },
		A = { field = 'dayname' },
		b = { field = 'monthabbr' },
		B = { field = 'monthname' },
		u = { fmt = '%d'  , field = 'dowiso' },
		w = { fmt = '%d'  , field = 'dow' },
		d = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'day' },
		m = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'month' },
		Y = { fmt = '%04d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'year' },
		H = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour' },
		M = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'minute' },
		S = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'second' },
		j = { fmt = '%03d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'dayofyear' },
		I = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour', special = 'hour12' },
		p = { field = 'hour', special = 'am' },
	}
	options = make_option_table(options, date.options)
	local amopt = options.am
	local eraopt = options.era
	local function replace_code(spaces, modifier, id)
		local code = codes[id]
		if code then
			local fmt = code.fmt
			if modifier == '-' and code.fmt2 then
				fmt = code.fmt2
			end
			local value = date[code.field]
			if not value then
				return nil  -- an undefined field in a partial date
			end
			local special = code.special
			if special then
				if special == 'hour12' then
					value = value % 12
					value = value == 0 and 12 or value
				elseif special == 'am' then
					local ap = ({
						['a.m.'] = { 'a.m.', 'p.m.' },
						['AM'] = { 'AM', 'PM' },
						['A.M.'] = { 'A.M.', 'P.M.' },
					})[ampm_options[amopt]] or { 'am', 'pm' }
					return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. (value < 12 and ap[1] or ap[2])
				end
			end
			if code.field == 'year' then
				local sign = (era_text[eraopt] or {}).sign
				if not sign or format:find('%{era}', 1, true) then
					sign = ''
					if value <= 0 then
						value = 1 - value
					end
				else
					if value >= 0 then
						sign = ''
					else
						value = -value
					end
				end
				return spaces .. sign .. sformat(fmt, value)
			end
			return spaces .. (fmt and sformat(fmt, value) or value)
		end
	end
	local function replace_property(spaces, id)
		if id == 'era' then
			-- Special case so can use local era option.
			local result = get_era_for_year(eraopt, date.year)
			if result == '' then
				return ''
			end
			return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. result
		end
		local result = date[id]
		if type(result) == 'string' then
			return spaces .. result
		end
		if type(result) == 'number' then
			return  spaces .. tostring(result)
		end
		if type(result) == 'boolean' then
			return  spaces .. (result and '1' or '0')
		end
		-- This occurs if id is an undefined field in a partial date, or is the name of a function.
		return nil
	end
	local PERCENT = '\127PERCENT\127'
	return (format
		:gsub('%%%%', PERCENT)
		:gsub('(%s*)%%{(%w+)}', replace_property)
		:gsub('(%s*)%%(%-?)(%a)', replace_code)
		:gsub(PERCENT, '%%')
	)
end

local function _date_text(date, fmt, options)
	-- Return a formatted string representing the given date.
	if not is_date(date) then
		error('date:text: need a date (use "date:text()" with a colon)', 2)
	end
	if type(fmt) == 'string' and fmt:match('%S') then
		if fmt:find('%', 1, true) then
			return strftime(date, fmt, options)
		end
	elseif date.partial then
		fmt = date.month and 'my' or 'y'
	else
		fmt = 'dmy'
		if date.hastime then
			fmt = (date.second > 0 and 'hms ' or 'hm ') .. fmt
		end
	end
	local function bad_format()
		-- For consistency with other format processing, return given format
		-- (or cleaned format if original was not a string) if invalid.
		return mw.text.nowiki(fmt)
	end
	if date.partial then
		-- Ignore days in standard formats like 'ymd'.
		if fmt == 'ym' or fmt == 'ymd' then
			fmt = date.month and '%Y-%m %{era}' or '%Y %{era}'
		elseif fmt == 'my' or fmt == 'dmy' or fmt == 'mdy' then
			fmt = date.month and '%B %-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}'
		elseif fmt == 'y' then
			fmt = date.month and '%-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}'
		else
			return bad_format()
		end
		return strftime(date, fmt, options)
	end
	local function hm_fmt()
		local plain = make_option_table(options, date.options).bydefault.am
		return plain and '%H:%M' or '%-I:%M %p'
	end
	local need_time = date.hastime
	local t = collection()
	for item in fmt:gmatch('%S+') do
		local f
		if item == 'hm' then
			f = hm_fmt()
			need_time = false
		elseif item == 'hms' then
			f = '%H:%M:%S'
			need_time = false
		elseif item == 'ymd' then
			f = '%Y-%m-%d %{era}'
		elseif item == 'mdy' then
			f = '%B %-d, %-Y %{era}'
		elseif item == 'dmy' then
			f = '%-d de %B de %-Y %{era}'
		else
			return bad_format()
		end
		t:add(f)
	end
	fmt = t:join(' ')
	if need_time then
		fmt = hm_fmt() .. ' ' .. fmt
	end
	return strftime(date, fmt, options)
end

local day_info = {
	-- 0=Sun to 6=Sat
	[0] = { 'do', 'domingo' },
	{ 'lu', 'lunes' },
	{ 'ma', 'martes' },
	{ 'mi', 'miércoles' },
	{ 'ju', 'jueves' },
	{ 'vi', 'viernes' },
	{ 'sa', 'sábado' },
}

local month_info = {
	-- 1=Jan to 12=Dec
	{ 'ene', 'enero' },
	{ 'feb', 'febrero' },
	{ 'mar', 'marzo' },
	{ 'abr', 'abril' },
	{ 'may', 'mayo' },
	{ 'jun', 'junio' },
	{ 'jul', 'julio' },
	{ 'ago', 'agosto' },
	{ 'sep', 'septiembre' },
	{ 'oct', 'octubre' },
	{ 'nov', 'noviembre' },
	{ 'dic', 'diciembre' },
}
for k,v in pairs(month_info) do month_info[ v[1] ], month_info[ v[2] ] = v, v end

local function name_to_number(text, translate)
	if type(text) == 'string' then
		return translate['xx' .. text:lower():gsub('é', 'e'):gsub('á', 'a')]
	end
end

local function day_number(text)
	return name_to_number(text, {
		xxdo = 0, xxdomingo = 0, 
		xxlu = 1, xxlunes = 1, xxlune = 1,
		xxma = 2, xxmartes = 2, xxmarte = 2,
		xxmi = 3, xxmiercoles = 3, xxmiercole = 3,
		xxju = 4, xxjueves = 4, xxjueve = 4,
		xxvi = 5, xxviernes = 5, xxvierne = 5,
		xxsat = 6, xxsabado = 6
	})
end

local function month_number(text)
	return name_to_number(text, {
		xxene = 1, xxenero = 1,
		xxfeb = 2, xxfebrero = 2,
		xxmar = 3, xxmarzo = 3,
		xxabr = 4, xxabril = 4,
		xxmay = 5, xxmayo = 5,
		xxjun = 6, xxjunio = 6,
		xxjul = 7, xxjulio = 7,
		xxago = 8, xxagosto = 8,
		xxsep = 9, xxseptiembre = 9, xxsept = 9,
		xxoct = 10, xxoctubre = 10,
		xxnov = 11, xxnoviembre = 11,
		xxdic = 12, xxdiciembre = 12,
	})
end

local function _list_text(list, fmt)
	-- Return a list of formatted strings from a list of dates.
	if not type(list) == 'table' then
		error('date:list:text: need "list:text()" with a colon', 2)
	end
	local result = { join = _list_join }
	for i, date in ipairs(list) do
		result[i] = date:text(fmt)
	end
	return result
end

local function _date_list(date, spec)
	-- Return a possibly empty numbered table of dates meeting the specification.
	-- Dates in the list are in ascending order (oldest date first).
	-- The spec should be a string of form "<count> <day> <op>"
	-- where each item is optional and
	--   count = number of items wanted in list
	--   day = abbreviation or name such as Mon or Monday
	--   op = >, >=, <, <= (default is > meaning after date)
	-- If no count is given, the list is for the specified days in date's month.
	-- The default day is date's day.
	-- The spec can also be a positive or negative number:
	--   -5 is equivalent to '5 <'
	--   5  is equivalent to '5' which is '5 >'
	if not is_date(date) then
		error('date:list: need a date (use "date:list()" with a colon)', 2)
	end
	local list = { text = _list_text }
	if date.partial then
		return list
	end
	local count, offset, operation
	local ops = {
		['>='] = { before = false, include = true  },
		['>']  = { before = false, include = false },
		['<='] = { before = true , include = true  },
		['<']  = { before = true , include = false },
	}
	if spec then
		if type(spec) == 'number' then
			count = floor(spec + 0.5)
			if count < 0 then
				count = -count
				operation = ops['<']
			end
		elseif type(spec) == 'string' then
			local num, day, op = spec:match('^%s*(%d*)%s*(%a*)%s*([<>=]*)%s*$')
			if not num then
				return list
			end
			if num ~= '' then
				count = tonumber(num)
			end
			if day ~= '' then
				local dow = day_number(day:gsub('[sS]$', ''))  -- accept plural days
				if not dow then
					return list
				end
				offset = dow - date.dow
			end
			operation = ops[op]
		else
			return list
		end
	end
	offset = offset or 0
	operation = operation or ops['>']
	local datefrom, dayfirst, daylast
	if operation.before then
		if offset > 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then
			offset = offset - 7
		end
		if count then
			if count > 1 then
				offset = offset - 7*(count - 1)
			end
			datefrom = date + offset
		else
			daylast = date.day + offset
			dayfirst = daylast % 7
			if dayfirst == 0 then
				dayfirst = 7
			end
		end
	else
		if offset < 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then
			offset = offset + 7
		end
		if count then
			datefrom = date + offset
		else
			dayfirst = date.day + offset
			daylast = date.monthdays
		end
	end
	if not count then
		if daylast < dayfirst then
			return list
		end
		count = floor((daylast - dayfirst)/7) + 1
		datefrom = Date(date, {day = dayfirst})
	end
	for i = 1, count do
		if not datefrom then break end  -- exceeds date limits
		list[i] = datefrom
		datefrom = datefrom + 7
	end
	return list
end

-- A table to get the current date/time (UTC), but only if needed.
local current = setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (self, key)
		local d = os.date('!*t')
		self.year = d.year
		self.month = d.month
		self.day = d.day
		self.hour = d.hour
		self.minute = d.min
		self.second = d.sec
		return rawget(self, key)
	end })

local function extract_date(newdate, text)
	-- Parse the date/time in text and return n, o where
	--   n = table of numbers with date/time fields
	--   o = table of options for AM/PM or AD/BC or format, if any
	-- or return nothing if date is known to be invalid.
	-- Caller determines if the values in n are valid.
	-- A year must be positive ('1' to '9999'); use 'BC' for BC.
	-- In a y-m-d string, the year must be four digits to avoid ambiguity
	-- ('0001' to '9999'). The only way to enter year <= 0 is by specifying
	-- the date as three numeric parameters like ymd Date(-1, 1, 1).
	-- Dates of form d/m/y, m/d/y, y/m/d are [partially] rejected as potentially ambiguous.
	local date, options = {}, {}
	if text:sub(-1) == 'Z' then
		-- Extract date/time from a Wikidata timestamp.
		-- The year can be 1 to 16 digits but this module handles 1 to 4 digits only.
		-- Examples: '+2016-06-21T14:30:00Z', '-0000000180-00-00T00:00:00Z'.
		local sign, y, m, d, H, M, S = text:match('^([+%-])(%d+)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)T(%d%d):(%d%d):(%d%d)Z$')
		if sign then
			y = tonumber(y)
			if sign == '-' and y > 0 then
				y = -y
			end
			if y <= 0 then
				options.era = 'a. C.' -- Sets the era when the year is negative on the timestamp
			end
			date.year = y
			m = tonumber(m)
			d = tonumber(d)
			H = tonumber(H)
			M = tonumber(M)
			S = tonumber(S)
			if m == 0 then
				newdate.partial = true
				return date, options
			end
			date.month = m
			if d == 0 then
				newdate.partial = true
				return date, options
			end
			date.day = d
			if H > 0 or M > 0 or S > 0 then
				date.hour = H
				date.minute = M
				date.second = S
			end
			return date, options
		end
		return
	end

	local a, b, c = text:match('^(%d+)[-./](%d+)[-./](%d+)$')
	if a --[[ and b and c --]] then
		a = tonumber(a)
		b = tonumber(b)
		c = tonumber(c)
		--[[ -- use extract_ymd for this
		if a > 31 and m <= 12 and c > 12 then
			date.year, date.month, date.day = a, b, c
			options.format = 'ymd'
			newdate.partial = true
			return date, options
		else--]]
		if a > 12 and b <= 12 and c > 31 then
			date.year, date.month, date.day = c, b, a
			options.format = 'dmy'
			newdate.partial = true
			return date, options
		elseif a <= 12 and b > 12 and c > 31 then
			date.year, date.month, date.day = c, a, b
			options.format = 'mdy'
			newdate.partial = true
			return date, options
		end
	end

	local function extract_ymd(item)
		-- Called when no day or month has been set.
		local y, m, d = item:match('^(%d%d%d%d)[-./](%w+)[-./](%d%d?)$')
		if y then
			if date.year then
				return
			end
			if m:match('^%d%d?$') then
				m = tonumber(m)
			else
				m = month_number(m)
			end
			if m then
				date.year = tonumber(y)
				date.month = m
				date.day = tonumber(d)
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	local function extract_day_or_year(item)
		-- Called when a day would be valid, or
		-- when a year would be valid if no year has been set and partial is set.
		local number, suffix = item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)(.*)$')
		if number then
			local n = tonumber(number)
			if #number <= 2 and n <= 31 then
				suffix = suffix:lower()
				if suffix == '' or suffix == 'st' or suffix == 'nd' or suffix == 'rd' or suffix == 'th' then
					date.day = n
					return true
				end
			elseif suffix == '' and newdate.partial and not date.year then
				date.year = n
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	local function extract_month(item)
		-- A month must be given as a name or abbreviation; a number could be ambiguous.
		local m = month_number(item)
		if m then
			date.month = m
			return true
		end
	end
	local function extract_time(item)
		local h, m, s = item:match('^(%d%d?):(%d%d)(:?%d*)$')
		if date.hour or not h then
			return
		end
		if s ~= '' then
			s = s:match('^:(%d%d)$')
			if not s then
				return
			end
		end
		date.hour = tonumber(h)
		date.minute = tonumber(m)
		date.second = tonumber(s)  -- nil if empty string
		return true
	end
	local item_count = 0
	local index_time
	local function set_ampm(item)
		local H = date.hour
		if H and not options.am and index_time + 1 == item_count then
			options.am = ampm_options[item]  -- caller checked this is not nil
			if item:match('^[Aa]') then
				if not (1 <= H and H <= 12) then
					return
				end
				if H == 12 then
					date.hour = 0
				end
			else
				if not (1 <= H and H <= 23) then
					return
				end
				if H <= 11 then
					date.hour = H + 12
				end
			end
			return true
		end
	end
    --Filtrar abreviaturas de era
	for key,value in pairs(era_text) do
		if string.find(text, key) ~= nil then
			options.era = key
			text = string.gsub(text, key, '')
			break
		end
	end
	for item in text:gsub(',', ' '):gsub('del?', ''):gsub('&nbsp;', ' '):gmatch('%S+') do
		item_count = item_count + 1
		if era_text[item] then
			-- Era is accepted in peculiar places.
			if options.era then
				return
			end
			options.era = item
		elseif ampm_options[item] then
			if not set_ampm(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif item:find(':', 1, true) then
			if not extract_time(item) then
				return
			end
			index_time = item_count
		elseif date.day and date.month then
			if date.year then
				return  -- should be nothing more so item is invalid
			end
			if not item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)$') then
				return
			end
			date.year = tonumber(item)
		elseif day_number(item) then
		    --catch month day case
		elseif date.day then
			if not extract_month(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif date.month then
			if not extract_day_or_year(item) then
				return
			end
		elseif extract_month(item) then
			options.format = 'mdy'
		elseif extract_ymd(item) then
			options.format = 'ymd'
		elseif extract_day_or_year(item) then
			if date.day then
				options.format = 'dmy'
			end
		else
			--return  not return if item not recognized
		end
	end
	if not date.year or date.year == 0 then
		return
	end
	local era = era_text[options.era]
	if era and era.isbc then
		date.year = 1 - date.year
	end
	return date, options
end

local function autofill(date1, date2)
	-- Fill any missing month or day in each date using the
	-- corresponding component from the other date, if present,
	-- or with 1 if both dates are missing the month or day.
	-- This gives a good result for calculating the difference
	-- between two partial dates when no range is wanted.
	-- Return filled date1, date2 (two full dates).
	local function filled(a, b)
		local fillmonth, fillday
		if not a.month then
			fillmonth = b.month or 1
		end
		if not a.day then
			fillday = b.day or 1
		end
		if fillmonth or fillday then  -- need to create a new date
			if (fillmonth or a.month) == 2 and (fillday or a.day) == 29 then
				-- Avoid invalid date, for example with {{age|2013|29 Feb 2016}} or {{age|Feb 2013|29 Jan 2015}}.
				if not is_leap_year(a.year, a.calendar) then
					fillday = 28
				end
			end
			a = Date(a, { month = fillmonth, day = fillday })
		end
		return a
	end
	return filled(date1, date2), filled(date2, date1)
end

local function date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, is_sub)
	-- Return a new date from calculating (lhs + rhs) or (lhs - rhs),
	-- or return nothing if invalid.
	-- The result is nil if the calculated date exceeds allowable limits.
	-- Caller ensures that lhs is a date; its properties are copied for the new date.
	if lhs.partial then
		-- Adding to a partial is not supported.
		-- Can subtract a date or partial from a partial, but this is not called for that.
		return
	end
	local function is_prefix(text, word, minlen)
		local n = #text
		return (minlen or 1) <= n and n <= #word and text == word:sub(1, n)
	end
	local function do_days(n)
		local forcetime, jd
		if floor(n) == n then
			jd = lhs.jd
		else
			forcetime = not lhs.hastime
			jd = lhs.jdz
		end
		jd = jd + (is_sub and -n or n)
		if forcetime then
			jd = tostring(jd)
			if not jd:find('.', 1, true) then
				jd = jd .. '.0'
			end
		end
		return Date(lhs, 'juliandate', jd)
	end
	if type(rhs) == 'number' then
		-- Add/subtract days, including fractional days.
		return do_days(rhs)
	end
	if type(rhs) == 'string' then
		-- rhs is a single component like '26m' or '26 months' (with optional sign).
		-- Fractions like '3.25d' are accepted for the units which are handled as days.
		local sign, numstr, id = rhs:match('^%s*([+-]?)([%d%.]+)%s*(%a+)$')
		if sign then
			if sign == '-' then
				is_sub = not (is_sub and true or false)
			end
			local y, m, days
			local num = tonumber(numstr)
			if not num then
				return
			end
			id = id:lower()
			if is_prefix(id, 'years') then
				y = num
				m = 0
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'months') then
				y = floor(num / 12)
				m = num % 12
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'weeks') then
				days = num * 7
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'days') then
				days = num
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'hours') then
				days = num / 24
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'minutes', 3) then
				days = num / (24 * 60)
			elseif is_prefix(id, 'seconds') then
				days = num / (24 * 3600)
			else
				return
			end
			if days then
				return do_days(days)
			end
			if numstr:find('.', 1, true) then
				return
			end
			if is_sub then
				y = -y
				m = -m
			end
			assert(-11 <= m and m <= 11)
			y = lhs.year + y
			m = lhs.month + m
			if m > 12 then
				y = y + 1
				m = m - 12
			elseif m < 1 then
				y = y - 1
				m = m + 12
			end
			local d = math.min(lhs.day, days_in_month(y, m, lhs.calendar))
			return Date(lhs, y, m, d)
		end
	end
	if is_diff(rhs) then
		local days = rhs.age_days
		if (is_sub or false) ~= (rhs.isnegative or false) then
			days = -days
		end
		return lhs + days
	end
end

local full_date_only = {
	dayabbr = true,
	dayname = true,
	dow = true,
	dayofweek = true,
	dowiso = true,
	dayofweekiso = true,
	dayofyear = true,
	gsd = true,
	juliandate = true,
	jd = true,
	jdz = true,
	jdnoon = true,
}

-- Metatable for a date's calculated fields.
local datemt = {
	__index = function (self, key)
		if rawget(self, 'partial') then
			if full_date_only[key] then return end
			if key == 'monthabbr' or key == 'monthdays' or key == 'monthname' then
				if not self.month then return end
			end
		end
		local value
		if key == 'dayabbr' then
			value = day_info[self.dow][1]
		elseif key == 'dayname' then
			value = day_info[self.dow][2]
		elseif key == 'dow' then
			value = (self.jdnoon + 1) % 7  -- day-of-week 0=Sun to 6=Sat
		elseif key == 'dayofweek' then
			value = self.dow
		elseif key == 'dowiso' then
			value = (self.jdnoon % 7) + 1  -- ISO day-of-week 1=Mon to 7=Sun
		elseif key == 'dayofweekiso' then
			value = self.dowiso
		elseif key == 'dayofyear' then
			local first = Date(self.year, 1, 1, self.calendar).jdnoon
			value = self.jdnoon - first + 1  -- day-of-year 1 to 366
		elseif key == 'era' then
			-- Era text (never a negative sign) from year and options.
			value = get_era_for_year(self.options.era, self.year)
		elseif key == 'format' then
			value = self.options.format or 'dmy'
		elseif key == 'gsd' then
			-- GSD = 1 from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 on 1 January 1 AD Gregorian calendar,
			-- which is from jd 1721425.5 to 1721426.49999.
			value = floor(self.jd - 1721424.5)
		elseif key == 'juliandate' or key == 'jd' or key == 'jdz' then
			local jd, jdz = julian_date(self)
			rawset(self, 'juliandate', jd)
			rawset(self, 'jd', jd)
			rawset(self, 'jdz', jdz)
			return key == 'jdz' and jdz or jd
		elseif key == 'jdnoon' then
			-- Julian date at noon (an integer) on the calendar day when jd occurs.
			value = floor(self.jd + 0.5)
		elseif key == 'isleapyear' then
			value = is_leap_year(self.year, self.calendar)
		elseif key == 'monthabbr' then
			value = month_info[self.month][1]
		elseif key == 'monthdays' then
			value = days_in_month(self.year, self.month, self.calendar)
		elseif key == 'monthname' then
			value = month_info[self.month][2]
		end
		if value ~= nil then
			rawset(self, key, value)
			return value
		end
	end,
}

-- Date operators.
local function mt_date_add(lhs, rhs)
	if not is_date(lhs) then
		lhs, rhs = rhs, lhs  -- put date on left (it must be a date for this to have been called)
	end
	return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs)
end

local function mt_date_sub(lhs, rhs)
	if is_date(lhs) then
		if is_date(rhs) then
			return DateDiff(lhs, rhs)
		end
		return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, true)
	end
end

local function mt_date_concat(lhs, rhs)
	return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs)
end

local function mt_date_tostring(self)
	return self:text()
end

local function mt_date_eq(lhs, rhs)
	-- Return true if dates identify same date/time where, for example,
	-- Date(-4712, 1, 1, 'Julian') == Date(-4713, 11, 24, 'Gregorian') is true.
	-- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod.
	if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then
		-- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date.
		-- The months may both be nil, but must be the same.
		return lhs.year == rhs.year and lhs.month == rhs.month and lhs.calendar == rhs.calendar
	end
	return lhs.jdz == rhs.jdz
end

local function mt_date_lt(lhs, rhs)
	-- Return true if lhs < rhs, for example,
	-- Date('1 Jan 2016') < Date('06:00 1 Jan 2016') is true.
	-- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod.
	if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then
		-- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date.
		if lhs.calendar ~= rhs.calendar then
			return lhs.calendar == 'Julian'
		end
		if lhs.partial then
			lhs = lhs.partial.first
		end
		if rhs.partial then
			rhs = rhs.partial.first
		end
	end
	return lhs.jdz < rhs.jdz
end

--[[ Examples of syntax to construct a date:
Date(y, m, d, 'julian')             default calendar is 'gregorian'
Date(y, m, d, H, M, S, 'julian')
Date('juliandate', jd, 'julian')    if jd contains "." text output includes H:M:S
Date('currentdate')
Date('currentdatetime')
Date('1 April 1995', 'julian')      parse date from text
Date('1 April 1995 AD', 'julian')   using an era sets a flag to do the same for output
Date('04:30:59 1 April 1995', 'julian')
Date(date)                          copy of an existing date
Date(date, t)                       same, updated with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t
Date(t)                       		date with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t
]]
function Date(...)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- Return a table holding a date assuming a uniform calendar always applies
	-- (proleptic Gregorian calendar or proleptic Julian calendar), or
	-- return nothing if date is invalid.
	-- A partial date has a valid year, however its month may be nil, and
	-- its day and time fields are nil.
	-- Field partial is set to false (if a full date) or a table (if a partial date).
	local calendars = { julian = 'Julian', gregorian = 'Gregorian' }
	local newdate = {
		_id = uniq,
		calendar = 'Gregorian',  -- default is Gregorian calendar
		hastime = false,  -- true if input sets a time
		hour = 0,  -- always set hour/minute/second so don't have to handle nil
		minute = 0,
		second = 0,
		options = {},
		list = _date_list,
		subtract = function (self, rhs, options)
			return DateDiff(self, rhs, options)
		end,
		text = _date_text,
	}
	local argtype, datetext, is_copy, jd_number, tnums
	local numindex = 0
	local numfields = { 'year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second' }
	local numbers = {}
	for _, v in ipairs({...}) do
		v = strip_to_nil(v)
		local vlower = type(v) == 'string' and v:lower() or nil
		if v == nil then
			-- Ignore empty arguments after stripping so modules can directly pass template parameters.
		elseif calendars[vlower] then
			newdate.calendar = calendars[vlower]
		elseif vlower == 'partial' then
			newdate.partial = true
		elseif vlower == 'fix' then
			newdate.want_fix = true
		elseif is_date(v) then
			-- Copy existing date (items can be overridden by other arguments).
			if is_copy or tnums then
				return
			end
			is_copy = true
			newdate.calendar = v.calendar
			newdate.partial = v.partial
			newdate.hastime = v.hastime
			newdate.options = v.options
			newdate.year = v.year
			newdate.month = v.month
			newdate.day = v.day
			newdate.hour = v.hour
			newdate.minute = v.minute
			newdate.second = v.second
		elseif type(v) == 'table' then
			if tnums then
				return
			end
			tnums = {}
			local tfields = { year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=2, minute=2, second=2 }
			for tk, tv in pairs(v) do
				if tfields[tk] then
					tnums[tk] = tonumber(tv)
				end
				if tfields[tk] == 2 then
					newdate.hastime = true
				end
			end
		else
			local num = tonumber(v)
			if not num and argtype == 'setdate' and numindex == 1 then
				num = month_number(v)
			end
			if num then
				if not argtype then
					argtype = 'setdate'
				end
				if argtype == 'setdate' and numindex < 6 then
					numindex = numindex + 1
					numbers[numfields[numindex]] = num
				elseif argtype == 'juliandate' and not jd_number then
					jd_number = num
					if type(v) == 'string' then
						if v:find('.', 1, true) then
							newdate.hastime = true
						end
					elseif num ~= floor(num) then
						-- The given value was a number. The time will be used
						-- if the fractional part is nonzero.
						newdate.hastime = true
					end
				else
					return
				end
			elseif argtype then
				return
			elseif type(v) == 'string' then
				if v == 'currentdate' or v == 'currentdatetime' or v == 'juliandate' then
					argtype = v
				else
					argtype = 'datetext'
					datetext = v
				end
			else
				return
			end
		end
	end
	if argtype == 'datetext' then
		if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, extract_date(newdate, datetext)) then
			return
		end
	elseif argtype == 'juliandate' then
		newdate.partial = nil
		newdate.jd = jd_number
		if not set_date_from_jd(newdate) then
			return
		end
	elseif argtype == 'currentdate' or argtype == 'currentdatetime' then
		newdate.partial = nil
		newdate.year = current.year
		newdate.month = current.month
		newdate.day = current.day
		if argtype == 'currentdatetime' then
			newdate.hour = current.hour
			newdate.minute = current.minute
			newdate.second = current.second
			newdate.hastime = true
		end
		newdate.calendar = 'Gregorian'  -- ignore any given calendar name
	elseif argtype == 'setdate' then
		if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, numbers) then
			return
		end
	elseif not (is_copy or tnums) then
		return
	end
	if tnums then
		newdate.jd = nil  -- force recalculation in case jd was set before changes from tnums
		if not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, tnums) then
			return
		end
	end
	if newdate.partial then
		local year = newdate.year
		local month = newdate.month
		local first = Date(year, month or 1, 1, newdate.calendar)
		month = month or 12
		local last = Date(year, month, days_in_month(year, month), newdate.calendar)
		newdate.partial = { first = first, last = last }
	else
		newdate.partial = false  -- avoid index lookup
	end
	setmetatable(newdate, datemt)
	local readonly = {}
	local mt = {
		__index = newdate,
		__newindex = function(t, k, v) error('date.' .. tostring(k) .. ' is read-only', 2) end,
		__add = mt_date_add,
		__sub = mt_date_sub,
		__concat = mt_date_concat,
		__tostring = mt_date_tostring,
		__eq = mt_date_eq,
		__lt = mt_date_lt,
	}
	return setmetatable(readonly, mt)
end

local function _diff_age(diff, code, options)
	-- Return a tuple of integer values from diff as specified by code, except that
	-- each integer may be a list of two integers for a diff with a partial date, or
	-- return nil if the code is not supported.
	-- If want round, the least significant unit is rounded to nearest whole unit.
	-- For a duration, an extra day is added.
	local wantround, wantduration, wantrange
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		wantround = options.round
		wantduration = options.duration
		wantrange = options.range
	else
		wantround = options
	end
	if not is_diff(diff) then
		local f = wantduration and 'duration' or 'age'
		error(f .. ': need a date difference (use "diff:' .. f .. '()" with a colon)', 2)
	end
	if diff.partial then
		-- Ignore wantround, wantduration.
		local function choose(v)
			if type(v) == 'table' then
				if not wantrange or v[1] == v[2] then
					-- Example: Date('partial', 2005) - Date('partial', 2001) gives
					-- diff.years = { 3, 4 } to show the range of possible results.
					-- If do not want a range, choose the second value as more expected.
					return v[2]
				end
			end
			return v
		end
		if code == 'ym' or code == 'ymd' then
			if not wantrange and diff.iszero then
				-- This avoids an unexpected result such as
				-- Date('partial', 2001) - Date('partial', 2001)
				-- giving diff = { years = 0, months = { 0, 11 } }
				-- which would be reported as 0 years and 11 months.
				return 0, 0
			end
			return choose(diff.partial.years), choose(diff.partial.months)
		end
		if code == 'y' then
			return choose(diff.partial.years)
		end
		if code == 'm' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then
			return choose({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(code), diff.partial.maxdiff:age(code) })
		end
		return nil
	end
	local extra_days = wantduration and 1 or 0
	if code == 'wd' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then
		local offset = wantround and 0.5 or 0
		local days = diff.age_days + extra_days
		if code == 'wd' or code == 'd' then
			days = floor(days + offset)
			if code == 'd' then
				return days
			end
			return floor(days/7), days % 7
		end
		return floor(days/7 + offset)
	end
	local H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds
	if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' or code == 'h' or code == 'hm' or code == 'hms' then
		local days = floor(diff.age_days + extra_days)
		local inc_hour
		if wantround then
			if code == 'dh' or code == 'h' then
				if M >= 30 then
					inc_hour = true
				end
			elseif code == 'dhm' or code == 'hm' then
				if S >= 30 then
					M = M + 1
					if M >= 60 then
						M = 0
						inc_hour = true
					end
				end
			else
				-- Nothing needed because S is an integer.
			end
			if inc_hour then
				H = H + 1
				if H >= 24 then
					H = 0
					days = days + 1
				end
			end
		end
		if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' then
			if code == 'dh' then
				return days, H
			elseif code == 'dhm' then
				return days, H, M
			else
				return days, H, M, S
			end
		end
		local hours = days * 24 + H
		if code == 'h' then
			return hours
		elseif code == 'hm' then
			return hours, M
		end
		return hours, M, S
	end
	if wantround then
		local inc_hour
		if code == 'ymdh' or code == 'ymwdh' then
			if M >= 30 then
				inc_hour = true
			end
		elseif code == 'ymdhm' or code == 'ymwdhm' then
			if S >= 30 then
				M = M + 1
				if M >= 60 then
					M = 0
					inc_hour = true
				end
			end
		elseif code == 'ymd' or code == 'ymwd' or code == 'yd' or code == 'md' then
			if H >= 12 then
				extra_days = extra_days + 1
			end
		end
		if inc_hour then
			H = H + 1
			if H >= 24 then
				H = 0
				extra_days = extra_days + 1
			end
		end
	end
	local y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days
	if extra_days > 0 then
		d = d + extra_days
		if d > 28 or code == 'yd' then
			-- Recalculate in case have passed a month.
			diff = diff.date1 + extra_days - diff.date2
			y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days
		end
	end
	if code == 'ymd' then
		return y, m, d
	elseif code == 'yd' then
		if y > 0 then
			-- It is known that diff.date1 > diff.date2.
			diff = diff.date1 - (diff.date2 + (y .. 'y'))
		end
		return y, floor(diff.age_days)
	elseif code == 'md' then
		return y * 12 + m, d
	elseif code == 'ym' or code == 'm' then
		if wantround then
			if d >= 16 then
				m = m + 1
				if m >= 12 then
					m = 0
					y = y + 1
				end
			end
		end
		if code == 'ym' then
			return y, m
		end
		return y * 12 + m
	elseif code == 'ymw' then
		local weeks = floor(d/7)
		if wantround then
			local days = d % 7
			if days > 3 or (days == 3 and H >= 12) then
				weeks = weeks + 1
			end
		end
		return y, m, weeks
	elseif code == 'ymwd' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7
	elseif code == 'ymdh' then
		return y, m, d, H
	elseif code == 'ymwdh' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H
	elseif code == 'ymdhm' then
		return y, m, d, H, M
	elseif code == 'ymwdhm' then
		return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H, M
	end
	if code == 'y' then
		if wantround and m >= 6 then
			y = y + 1
		end
		return y
	end
	return nil
end

local function _diff_duration(diff, code, options)
	if type(options) ~= 'table' then
		options = { round = options }
	end
	options.duration = true
	return _diff_age(diff, code, options)
end

-- Metatable for some operations on date differences.
diffmt = {  -- for forward declaration above
	__concat = function (lhs, rhs)
		return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs)
	end,
	__tostring = function (self)
		return tostring(self.age_days)
	end,
	__index = function (self, key)
		local value
		if key == 'age_days' then
			if rawget(self, 'partial') then
				local function jdz(date)
					return (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz
				end
				value = jdz(self.date1) - jdz(self.date2)
			else
				value = self.date1.jdz - self.date2.jdz
			end
		end
		if value ~= nil then
			rawset(self, key, value)
			return value
		end
	end,
}

function DateDiff(date1, date2, options)  -- for forward declaration above
	-- Return a table with the difference between two dates (date1 - date2).
	-- The difference is negative if date1 is older than date2.
	-- Return nothing if invalid.
	-- If d = date1 - date2 then
	--     date1 = date2 + d
	-- If date1 >= date2 and the dates have no H:M:S time specified then
	--     date1 = date2 + (d.years..'y') + (d.months..'m') + d.days
	-- where the larger time units are added first.
	-- The result of Date(2015,1,x) + '1m' is Date(2015,2,28) for
	-- x = 28, 29, 30, 31. That means, for example,
	--     d = Date(2015,3,3) - Date(2015,1,31)
	-- gives d.years, d.months, d.days = 0, 1, 3 (excluding date1).
	if not (is_date(date1) and is_date(date2) and date1.calendar == date2.calendar) then
		return
	end
	local wantfill
	if type(options) == 'table' then
		wantfill = options.fill
	end
	local isnegative = false
	local iszero = false
	if date1 < date2 then
		isnegative = true
		date1, date2 = date2, date1
	elseif date1 == date2 then
		iszero = true
	end
	-- It is known that date1 >= date2 (period is from date2 to date1).
	if date1.partial or date2.partial then
		-- Two partial dates might have timelines:
		---------------------A=================B--- date1 is from A to B inclusive
		--------C=======D-------------------------- date2 is from C to D inclusive
		-- date1 > date2 iff A > C (date1.partial.first > date2.partial.first)
		-- The periods can overlap ('April 2001' - '2001'):
		-------------A===B------------------------- A=2001-04-01  B=2001-04-30
		--------C=====================D------------ C=2001-01-01  D=2001-12-31
		if wantfill then
			date1, date2 = autofill(date1, date2)
		else
			local function zdiff(date1, date2)
				local diff = date1 - date2
				if diff.isnegative then
					return date1 - date1  -- a valid diff in case we call its methods
				end
				return diff
			end
			local function getdate(date, which)
				return date.partial and date.partial[which] or date
			end
			local maxdiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'last'), getdate(date2, 'first'))
			local mindiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'first'), getdate(date2, 'last'))
			local years, months
			if maxdiff.years == mindiff.years then
				years = maxdiff.years
				if maxdiff.months == mindiff.months then
					months = maxdiff.months
				else
					months = { mindiff.months, maxdiff.months }
				end
			else
				years = { mindiff.years, maxdiff.years }
			end
			return setmetatable({
				date1 = date1,
				date2 = date2,
				partial = {
					years = years,
					months = months,
					maxdiff = maxdiff,
					mindiff = mindiff,
				},
				isnegative = isnegative,
				iszero = iszero,
				age = _diff_age,
				duration = _diff_duration,
			}, diffmt)
		end
	end
	local y1, m1 = date1.year, date1.month
	local y2, m2 = date2.year, date2.month
	local years = y1 - y2
	local months = m1 - m2
	local d1 = date1.day + hms(date1)
	local d2 = date2.day + hms(date2)
	local days, time
	if d1 >= d2 then
		days = d1 - d2
	else
		months = months - 1
		-- Get days in previous month (before the "to" date) given December has 31 days.
		local dpm = m1 > 1 and days_in_month(y1, m1 - 1, date1.calendar) or 31
		if d2 >= dpm then
			days = d1 - hms(date2)
		else
			days = dpm - d2 + d1
		end
	end
	if months < 0 then
		years = years - 1
		months = months + 12
	end
	days, time = math.modf(days)
	local H, M, S = h_m_s(time)
	return setmetatable({
		date1 = date1,
		date2 = date2,
		partial = false,  -- avoid index lookup
		years = years,
		months = months,
		days = days,
		hours = H,
		minutes = M,
		seconds = S,
		isnegative = isnegative,
		iszero = iszero,
		age = _diff_age,
		duration = _diff_duration,
	}, diffmt)
end


local z = {
	_current = current,
	_Date = Date,
	_days_in_month = days_in_month,
}


-- Aqui comienzas las funciones adaptadas de [[Módulo:Fecha]] --
----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------

function z.fechaActual()
	local d = os.date('!*t')
	
	local fecha = {}
	fecha.anyo    = d.year
	fecha.mes     = d.month
	fecha.dia     = d.day
	fecha.hora    = d.hour
	fecha.minuto  = d.min
	fecha.segundo = d.sec
		
	return fecha
end

function validar(fecha)
	fecha.anyo    = tonumber(fecha.anyo)
	fecha.mes     = tonumber(fecha.mes)
	fecha.dia     = tonumber(fecha.dia)
	fecha.hora    = tonumber(fecha.hora)
	fecha.minuto  = tonumber(fecha.minuto)
	fecha.segundo = tonumber(fecha.segundo)
	
	-- Falta validar que es una fecha válida
end

function z.edad(fecha1, fecha2)
	--Función que devuelve la edad en años entre dos fechas
	
	--Se supone que las fechas se han validado previamente.
	
	if not fecha1 then
		return -- falta devolver un error
	end
	
	if not fecha2 then
		fecha2=z.fechaActual()
	end
	
	local anyos = fecha2.anyo - fecha1.anyo
	
	--if true then return require('Módulo:Tablas').tostring(fecha2) end
	
	if fecha2.mes < fecha1.mes or
	   (fecha2.mes == fecha1.mes and fecha2.dia < fecha1.dia) then
	   	anyos = anyos - 1
	end
	
	if anyos < 0 then
		return -- falta devolver error
	elseif anyos == 0 then
		return 'menos de un año'
	elseif anyos == 1 then
		return 'un año'
	else
		return anyos .. ' años'
	end
end

function z.llamadaDesdeUnaPlantilla(frame)
	function obtenerFecha(dia, mes, anyo)
		local resultado={}
	
		if dia then
			resultado.dia  = dia
			resultado.mes  = mes
			resultado.anyo = anyo
			
			validar(resultado)
			
			return resultado
		end
	end

	local args = frame.args
	
	local funcion = z[args[1]]
	local fecha1  = obtenerFecha(args[2], args[3], args[4])
	local fecha2  = obtenerFecha(args[5], args[6], args[7])

	return funcion(fecha1, fecha2)
end
       

-- Aqui comienzas las funciones adaptadas de [[Módulo:Fechas]] --
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------


function z.NombreDelMes(mes)
  -- Función que devuelve el nombre del mes, donde mes es un número entre 1 y 12. 
  -- Si no es así se devuelve el valor de mes.
  -- Por ejemplo, 2  --> febrero
  --              02 --> febrero
  --              abril --> abril
  --              MAYO --> MAYO
   return month_info[tonumber(mes)][2] or mes
end

function z.Fecha(frame)
    -- Función que formatea una fecha
    -- El único parámetro obligatorio es el año o 3.
    -- Obtener los argumentos con los que se llama a la función

    local argumentos = {}
    local parent = {}
    if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
        if   frame.args[3]  or frame.args["año"]  then
    	    argumentos = frame.args
        else 
    	    parent = frame:getParent()
            argumentos = parent.args
        end 
    else
        argumentos = frame
    end
    
    local enlace = argumentos["enlace"] ~= "no"

    -- Obtener el día, el nombre del mes y el año incluyendo para los años negativos a.d.
    local dia = argumentos["día"] or argumentos[1] or ''    
    local mes = argumentos["mes"] or argumentos[2] or '' 
    local anyo=tonumber(argumentos["año"] or argumentos[3]) or 0
	
    dia = (dia ~='') and (tonumber(dia) or dia) or dia -- Eliminar ceros a la izquierda del día.
    mes = (mes~='') and ((month_info[mes] and month_info[mes][2]) or month_info[tonumber(mes)][2] or mes) or mes -- Extraer nombre del mes
    anyo = (anyo<0) and (-anyo .. ' a. C.') or anyo
    
    local calendario = (argumentos["calendario"] == 'juliano') and ('<sup>[[Calendario juliano|jul.]]</sup>') or ''

    -- Formatear la fecha dependiendo de si el día, el mes o el año están informados
	local out = ''
	
	if anyo ~= 0 then
		out = enlace and (out .. '[[' .. anyo .. ']]') or tostring(anyo)
		if mes~='' then
			if argumentos["mayúscula"] == 'sí' then
				mes = mw.language.new('es'):ucfirst(mes)
			end
			out = enlace and (mes .. ']] de ' .. out) or (mes .. ' de ' .. out)
			if dia ~='' then
				out = enlace and ('[[' .. dia .. ' de ' .. out .. calendario) or (dia .. ' de ' .. out .. calendario)
			else
				out = enlace and ('[[' .. out) or out
			end	
		end
	 end
	return out
 end
 
 function z.Numerica(frame)
	local d = Date(frame.args[1])
    local err = '<strong class="error">Cadena de fecha no válida</strong>'
	return (d == nil) and err or d:text('%Y%m%d')
 end

 
return z